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All Posts

Complete archive of statistical methodology posts

Author

Browse all posts on statistical methodology, uncertainty analysis, and reproducible research. Use the filters below to find posts by topic or search for specific content.


 

Multi-Language Code Examples

statistics
programming
tutorial

Examples of using Stata, Julia, and pseudocode in blog posts

Jan 6, 2026

Confidence, Posteriors, and the Bootstrap

statistics

This guide discusses the bootstrap resampling method and its close connection to the consonance distribution and how to use certain iterations of the bootstrap to construct a consonance distribution.

Jan 12, 2025

Your Models Are Neither Useful Nor Approximate

statistics

A discussion about models and the assumptions that underlie them.

Jan 1, 2024

Using Stata: Producing Consonance Functions

statistics

A simple guide on how to produce consonance functions in Stata.

Jan 1, 2024

Simulation of a Two-Group Parallel-Arm RCT with Interim Analyses

statistics

A simulation of a two-group parallel-arm randomized trial with interim analysis using the rpact package.

Feb 1, 2021

Tables, Graphs, and Computations from Rafi & Greenland (2020)

This post goes through the R code and logic that was used to construct the figures and concepts in Rafi & Greenland (2020) BMC MRM.

Dec 12, 2020

What Makes a Sensitivity Analysis?

statistics

Sensitivity analyses are an important part of statistical analyses, however, there are major misconceptions about what they do and what qualifies as such an analysis.

Dec 12, 2020

Quality Control in Statistical Analyses

statistics

Experienced statisticians and data analysts are familiar with stories where a coding error has led to an entire conclusion changing, even leading to a retraction. It’s the sort of stuff that keeps people up at night.

Jun 13, 2020

Book Review: Regression and Other Stories by Gelman, Hill, and Vehtari

An early look at Gelman et als new book, Regression and Other Stories, which is an update to their seminal 2006 book, Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel Hierarchical Models.

Jun 11, 2019

Book Review: Fisher, Neyman, and the Creation of Classical Statistics

A review of Erich Lehmann’s last book, Fisher, Neyman, and the Creation of Classical Statistics.

Dec 30, 2018

GAMS

statistics

Some sample scripts

Nov 11, 2018

P-values Are Tough And S-values Can Help

statistics

An extensive discussion about what P-values are, their properties, common interpretations, misinterpretations, and how a measure called an S-value may better help us interpret them.

Nov 11, 2018

We May Not Understand Control Groups

Discussions praising the efficiency of randomized trials are widespread, however, few of these discussions take a close look at some of the common assumptions that individuals hold regarding randomized trials. And unfortunately, these common assumptions may be based on outdated evidence and simplistic ideas.

Oct 28, 2018

Misplaced Confidence in Observed Power

statistics

Another misinterpretation of what statistical power is and how trial results should be interpreted.

Sep 30, 2018

Misplaced Confidence in Observed Power

Another misinterpretation of what statistical power is and how trial results should be reported in a popular journal.

Sep 30, 2018

The Bradford Hill Criteria Don’t Hold Up

The Bradford Hill viewpoints are commonly used as a checklist to argue for causality when randomized trials aren’t possible. However, the originator of these viewpoints never intended for them to be used this way. In this post, I examine the shortcomings of using these viewpoints as a checklist in the real world.

Sep 6, 2018

Misuse of Standard Error in Clinical Trials

statistics

Analytic statistics are commonly used to make inferences from the data. However, they are often misused because of misconceptions about what they do. In this post, I discuss how standard error is commonly misused in clinical trials.

Aug 7, 2018

Vitamin E, Mortality, and the Bayesian Gloss

A look at a time when Bayesian data analysis went off the rails.

Jun 20, 2018

Problems with the Number Needed to Treat

The number needed to treat is a popular statistic used in medicine, but it has several problems associated with the way it is used and in this blog post, I discuss some of those problems and possible solutions.

May 27, 2018

Myth: Covariates Need to Be Balanced in RCTs

Many people believe that the purpose of randomization is to perfectly balance out both known and unknown covariates in order to reach causal inferences, however, this is simply not true and is a misunderstanding of the process of randomization.

Apr 10, 2018

Site Map

statistics

Sample scripts and examples for Bayesian modeling using Stan.

Jan 1, 2018

Stan: Bayesian Modeling Examples

statistics

Sample scripts and examples for Bayesian modeling using Stan.

Jan 1, 2018
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Categories

Explore posts by topic:

Core Methodology

  • Bootstrap Methods - Resampling techniques for uncertainty quantification
  • Bayesian Statistics - Bayesian approaches to inference
  • Sensitivity Analysis - Exploring assumption impacts
  • Statistical Inference - Confidence intervals, hypothesis testing

Applications

  • Causal Inference - Bradford Hill criteria, study design
  • Model Selection - Choosing and validating models
  • Data Management - Data cleaning and preparation
  • Visualization - Effective presentation of results

Workflow & Communication

  • Statistical Workflow - Best practices for analysis pipelines
  • Reproducible Research - Transparent, reproducible methods
  • Scientific Communication - Reporting statistical findings

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Citation

BibTeX citation:
@online{panda,
  author = {Panda, Sir},
  title = {All {Posts}},
  url = {https://lesslikely.com/posts.html},
  langid = {en}
}
For attribution, please cite this work as:
1. Panda S. ‘All Posts’. https://lesslikely.com/posts.html.

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